SCUM MANIFESTO contexts 20

formal groups, followed by cultural institutions, like arts centres, Culture Centres for Youth or universities, which acquired video equipment.

In beginning of the year 1970, Carole Roussopoulos and her partner Paul Roussopoulos created the first militant video group in France, which they named Vidéo Out: “A name like that. Because we need one. Vidéo Out is not a group of video specialists or profession-als but political activists, involved equally with other people in the making of videotapes”. 11 Vidéo Out intended to give a voice to those who have been denied one, and with a camera in hand, it accom-panied anti-imperialist and feminist struggles as well as the strug-gles of workers, migrants, and homosexuals. Alongside mixed gen-der collectives — Vidéo Out, Vidéo 00 (Yvonne Mignot and Michel

Carole Roussopoulos on camera, photograph of Cathy Bernheim.